274 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
274 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
'\"
|
|
'\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
|
|
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|
|
'\"
|
|
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
|
|
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
|
|
'\"
|
|
'\" SCCS: @(#) file.n 1.20 96/10/04 05:06:20
|
|
'\"
|
|
.so man.macros
|
|
.TH file n 7.6 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
|
|
.BS
|
|
'\" Note: do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
file \- Manipulate file names and attributes
|
|
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|
\fBfile \fIoption\fR \fIname\fR ?\fIarg arg ...\fR?
|
|
.BE
|
|
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
.PP
|
|
This command provides several operations on a file's name or attributes.
|
|
\fIName\fR is the name of a file; if it starts with a tilde, then tilde
|
|
substitution is done before executing the command (see the manual entry for
|
|
\fBfilename\fR for details). \fIOption\fR indicates what to do with the
|
|
file name. Any unique abbreviation for \fIoption\fR is acceptable. The
|
|
valid options are:
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile atime \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns a decimal string giving the time at which file \fIname\fR
|
|
was last accessed. The time is measured in the standard POSIX
|
|
fashion as seconds from a fixed starting time (often January 1, 1970).
|
|
If the file doesn't exist or its access time cannot be queried then an
|
|
error is generated.
|
|
.PP
|
|
\fBfile copy \fR?\fB\-force\fR? ?\fB\-\|\-\fR? \fIsource\fR \fItarget\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\fBfile copy \fR?\fB\-force\fR? ?\fB\-\|\-\fR? \fIsource\fR ?\fIsource\fR ...? \fItargetDir\fR
|
|
.RS
|
|
The first form makes a copy of the file or directory \fIsource\fR under
|
|
the pathname \fItarget\fR. If \fItarget\fR is an existing directory,
|
|
then the second form is used. The second form makes a copy inside
|
|
\fItargetDir\fR of each \fIsource\fR file listed. If a directory is
|
|
specified as a \fIsource\fR, then the contents of the directory will be
|
|
recursively copied into \fItargetDir\fR. Existing files will not be
|
|
overwritten unless the \fB\-force\fR option is specified. Trying to
|
|
overwrite a non-empty directory, overwrite a directory with a file, or a
|
|
file with a directory will all result in errors even if \fI\-force\fR was
|
|
specified. Arguments are processed in the order specified, halting at the
|
|
first error, if any. A \fB\-\|\-\fR marks the end of switches; the argument
|
|
following the \fB\-\|\-\fR will be treated as a \fIsource\fR even if it
|
|
starts with a \fB\-\fR.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile delete \fR?\fB\-force\fR? ?\fB\-\|\-\fR? \fIpathname\fR ?\fIpathname\fR ... ?
|
|
.
|
|
Removes the file or directory specified by each \fIpathname\fR argument.
|
|
Non-empty directories will be removed only if the \fB\-force\fR option is
|
|
specified. Trying to delete a non-existant file is not considered an
|
|
error. Trying to delete a read-only file will cause the file to be deleted,
|
|
even if the \fB\-force\fR flags is not specified. Arguments are processed
|
|
in the order specified, halting at the first error, if any. A \fB\-\|\-\fR
|
|
marks the end of switches; the argument following the \fB\-\|\-\fR will be
|
|
treated as a \fIpathname\fR even if it starts with a \fB\-\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile dirname \fIname\fR
|
|
Returns a name comprised of all of the path components in \fIname\fR
|
|
excluding the last element. If \fIname\fR is a relative file name and
|
|
only contains one path element, then returns ``\fB.\fR'' (or ``\fB:\fR''
|
|
on the Macintosh). If \fIname\fR refers to a root directory, then the
|
|
root directory is returned. For example,
|
|
.RS
|
|
.CS
|
|
\fBfile dirname c:/\fR
|
|
.CE
|
|
returns \fBc:/\fR.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Note that tilde substitution will only be
|
|
performed if it is necessary to complete the command. For example,
|
|
.CS
|
|
\fBfile dirname ~/src/foo.c\fR
|
|
.CE
|
|
returns \fB~/src\fR, whereas
|
|
.CS
|
|
\fBfile dirname ~\fR
|
|
.CE
|
|
returns \fB/home\fR (or something similar).
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile executable \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR is executable by the current user,
|
|
\fB0\fR otherwise.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile exists \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR exists and the current user has
|
|
search privileges for the directories leading to it, \fB0\fR otherwise.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile extension \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns all of the characters in \fIname\fR after and including the last
|
|
dot in the last element of \fIname\fR. If there is no dot in the last
|
|
element of \fIname\fR then returns the empty string.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile isdirectory \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR is a directory, \fB0\fR otherwise.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile isfile \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR is a regular file, \fB0\fR otherwise.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile join \fIname\fR ?\fIname ...\fR?
|
|
.
|
|
Takes one or more file names and combines them, using the correct path
|
|
separator for the current platform. If a particular \fIname\fR is
|
|
relative, then it will be joined to the previous file name argument.
|
|
Otherwise, any earlier arguments will be discarded, and joining will
|
|
proceed from the current argument. For example,
|
|
.RS
|
|
.CS
|
|
\fBfile join a b /foo bar\fR
|
|
.CE
|
|
returns \fB/foo/bar\fR.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Note that any of the names can contain separators, and that the result
|
|
is always canonical for the current platform: \fB/\fR for Unix and
|
|
Windows, and \fB:\fR for Macintosh.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile lstat \fIname varName\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Same as \fBstat\fR option (see below) except uses the \fIlstat\fR
|
|
kernel call instead of \fIstat\fR. This means that if \fIname\fR
|
|
refers to a symbolic link the information returned in \fIvarName\fR
|
|
is for the link rather than the file it refers to. On systems that
|
|
don't support symbolic links this option behaves exactly the same
|
|
as the \fBstat\fR option.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile mkdir \fIdir\fR ?\fIdir\fR ...?
|
|
.
|
|
Creates each directory specified. For each pathname \fIdir\fR specified,
|
|
this command will create all non-existing parent directories as
|
|
well as \fIdir\fR itself. If an existing directory is specified, then
|
|
no action is taken and no error is returned. Trying to overwrite an existing
|
|
file with a directory will result in an error. Arguments are processed in
|
|
the order specified, halting at the first error, if any.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile mtime \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns a decimal string giving the time at which file \fIname\fR was
|
|
last modified. The time is measured in the standard POSIX fashion as
|
|
seconds from a fixed starting time (often January 1, 1970). If the file
|
|
doesn't exist or its modified time cannot be queried then an error is
|
|
generated.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile owned \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR is owned by the current user, \fB0\fR
|
|
otherwise.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile pathtype \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns one of \fBabsolute\fR, \fBrelative\fR, \fBvolumerelative\fR. If
|
|
\fIname\fR refers to a specific file on a specific volume, the path type
|
|
will be \fBabsolute\fR. If \fIname\fR refers to a file relative to the
|
|
current working directory, then the path type will be \fBrelative\fR. If
|
|
\fIname\fR refers to a file relative to the current working directory on
|
|
a specified volume, or to a specific file on the current working volume, then
|
|
the file type is \fBvolumerelative\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile readable \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR is readable by the current user,
|
|
\fB0\fR otherwise.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile readlink \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns the value of the symbolic link given by \fIname\fR (i.e. the name
|
|
of the file it points to). If \fIname\fR isn't a symbolic link or its
|
|
value cannot be read, then an error is returned. On systems that don't
|
|
support symbolic links this option is undefined.
|
|
.PP
|
|
\fBfile rename \fR?\fB\-force\fR? ?\fB\-\|\-\fR? \fIsource\fR \fItarget\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\fBfile rename \fR?\fB\-force\fR? ?\fB\-\|\-\fR? \fIsource\fR ?\fIsource\fR ...? \fItargetDir\fR
|
|
.RS
|
|
The first form takes the file or directory specified by pathname
|
|
\fIsource\fR and renames it to \fItarget\fR, moving the file if the
|
|
pathname \fItarget\fR specifies a name in a different directory. If
|
|
\fItarget\fR is an existing directory, then the second form is used. The
|
|
second form moves each \fIsource\fR file or directory into the directory
|
|
\fItargetDir\fR. Existing files will not be overwritten unless the
|
|
\fB\-force\fR option is specified. Trying to overwrite a non-empty
|
|
directory, overwrite a directory with a file, or a file with a directory
|
|
will all result in errors. Arguments are processed in the order specified,
|
|
halting at the first error, if any. A \fB\-\|\-\fR marks the end of
|
|
switches; the argument following the \fB\-\|\-\fR will be treated as a
|
|
\fIsource\fR even if it starts with a \fB\-\fR.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile rootname \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns all of the characters in \fIname\fR up to but not including the
|
|
last ``.'' character in the last component of name. If the last
|
|
component of \fIname\fR doesn't contain a dot, then returns \fIname\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile size \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns a decimal string giving the size of file \fIname\fR in bytes. If
|
|
the file doesn't exist or its size cannot be queried then an error is
|
|
generated.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile split \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns a list whose elements are the path components in \fIname\fR. The
|
|
first element of the list will have the same path type as \fIname\fR.
|
|
All other elements will be relative. Path separators will be discarded
|
|
unless they are needed ensure that an element is unambiguously relative.
|
|
For example, under Unix
|
|
.RS
|
|
.CS
|
|
\fBfile split /foo/~bar/baz\fR
|
|
.CE
|
|
returns \fB/\0\0foo\0\0./~bar\0\0baz\fR to ensure that later commands
|
|
that use the third component do not attempt to perform tilde
|
|
substitution.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile stat \fIname varName\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Invokes the \fBstat\fR kernel call on \fIname\fR, and uses the variable
|
|
given by \fIvarName\fR to hold information returned from the kernel call.
|
|
\fIVarName\fR is treated as an array variable, and the following elements
|
|
of that variable are set: \fBatime\fR, \fBctime\fR, \fBdev\fR, \fBgid\fR,
|
|
\fBino\fR, \fBmode\fR, \fBmtime\fR, \fBnlink\fR, \fBsize\fR, \fBtype\fR,
|
|
\fBuid\fR. Each element except \fBtype\fR is a decimal string with the
|
|
value of the corresponding field from the \fBstat\fR return structure;
|
|
see the manual entry for \fBstat\fR for details on the meanings of the
|
|
values. The \fBtype\fR element gives the type of the file in the same
|
|
form returned by the command \fBfile type\fR. This command returns an
|
|
empty string.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile tail \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns all of the characters in \fIname\fR after the last directory
|
|
separator. If \fIname\fR contains no separators then returns
|
|
\fIname\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile type \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns a string giving the type of file \fIname\fR, which will be one of
|
|
\fBfile\fR, \fBdirectory\fR, \fBcharacterSpecial\fR, \fBblockSpecial\fR,
|
|
\fBfifo\fR, \fBlink\fR, or \fBsocket\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfile writable \fIname\fR
|
|
.
|
|
Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR is writable by the current user,
|
|
\fB0\fR otherwise.
|
|
.SH "PORTABILITY ISSUES"
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBUnix\fR\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
|
|
.
|
|
These commands always operate using the real user and group identifiers,
|
|
not the effective ones.
|
|
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
filename
|
|
|
|
.SH KEYWORDS
|
|
attributes, copy files, delete files, directory, file, move files, name, rename files, stat
|