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Please refer to debian/changelog

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LICENSE
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
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Public License instead of this License.

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###############################################################################
#
# General Definitions
#
###############################################################################
ifdef DESTDIR
# dh_auto_install (Debian) sets this variable
TARGET_DIR = $(DESTDIR)/usr
else
TARGET_DIR ?= /usr/local
endif
LIB_DIRS =
INC_DIRS =
CC ?= gcc
CFLAGS += $(INC_DIRS) -Wall
LD = $(CC)
LDFLAGS += $(LIB_DIRS)
###############################################################################
#
# Main Dependencies
#
###############################################################################
TARGET = hd-idle
LIBS =
SRCS = hd-idle.c
OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o)
all: $(TARGET)
distclean: clean
clean:
rm -f $(OBJS) $(TARGET)
install: $(TARGET)
install -D -g root -o root $(TARGET) $(TARGET_DIR)/sbin/$(TARGET)
install -D -g root -o root $(TARGET).1 $(TARGET_DIR)/share/man/man1/$(TARGET).1
hd-idle.o: hd-idle.c
$(TARGET): $(OBJS)
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(TARGET) $(OBJS) $(LIB_DIRS) $(LIBS)

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README
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Hard Disk Idle Spin-Down Utility
==============================================================================
hd-idle is a utility program for spinning-down external disks after a period
of idle time. Since most external IDE disk enclosures don't support setting
the IDE idle timer, a program like hd-idle is required to spin down idle
disks automatically.
A word of caution: hard disks don't like spinning up too often. Laptop disks
are more robust in this respect than desktop disks but if you set your disks
to spin down after a few seconds you may damage the disk over time due to the
stress the spin-up causes on the spindle motor and bearings. It seems that
manufacturers recommend a minimum idle time of 3-5 minutes, the default in
hd-idle is 10 minutes.
One more word of caution: hd-idle will spin down any disk accessible via the
SCSI layer (USB, IEEE1394, ...) but it will NOT work with real SCSI disks
because they don't spin up automatically. Thus it's not called scsi-idle and
I don't recommend using it on a real SCSI system unless you have a kernel
patch that automatically starts the SCSI disks after receiving a sense buffer
indicating the disk has been stopped. Without such a patch, real SCSI disks
won't start again and you can as well pull the plug.
You have been warned...
The latest version of hd-idle can be found on SourceForge:
http://hd-idle.sf.net
hd-idle is not public domain software. It's copyrighted by myself,
Christian Mueller, according to the terms of the GNU General Public
License (GPL). Please see the file LICENSE for additional information.
Copyright (c) Christian Mueller 2007
==============================================================================
Installation
------------
The compile process is rather simple, thus there's no automake or configure
script at this point, just a makefile for Linux. Since hd-idle is using the
Linux generic SCSI layer, it requires the include files scsi/sg.h and
scsi/scsi.h which should come with libc6-dev (at least on Debian they do).
Non-Debian Systems:
* In order to compile the program, type "make".
* In order to install the program into /usr/local/sbin, type "make install"
(this will also install the manpage into /usr/local/share/man/man1)
Debian Systems:
* Run "dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot"
* Run "dpkg -i ../hd-idle_*.deb" to install the package
NOTE: The build framework has been changed to be compatible to the Debian
package management with the intention of making hd-idle an official
Debian package. Once this effort has completed, hd-idle can be
installed with "apt-get install hd-idle". The changes to the Debian
build instructions as outlined above (previous releases used "make
install_debian") are a side effect of this effort.
Once completed, please check /etc/default/hd-idle for configuration
information. The default settings will *not* start hd-idle automatically.
Running hd-idle
---------------
In order to run hd-idle, type "hd-idle". This will start hd-idle with the
default options, causing all SCSI (read: USB, Firewire, SCSI, ...) hard disks
to spin down after 10 minutes of inactivity.
On a Debian system, after editing /etc/default/hd-idle and enabling it,
use "/etc/init.d/hd-idle start" to run hd-idle.
Please note that hd-idle uses /proc/diskstats to read disk statistics. If
this file is not present, hd-idle won't work.
In case of problems, use the debug option (-d) tp get further information.
Command line options:
-a <name> Set device name of disks for subsequent idle-time
parameters (-i). This parameter is optional in the
sense that there's a default entry for all disks
which are not named otherwise by using this
parameter. This can also be a symlink
(e.g. /dev/disk/by-uuid/...)
-i <idle_time> Idle time in seconds for the currently named disk(s)
(-a <name>) or for all disks.
-l <logfile> Name of logfile (written only after a disk has spun
up). Please note that this option might cause the
disk which holds the logfile to spin up just because
another disk had some activity. This option should
not be used on systems with more than one disk
except for tuning purposes. On single-disk systems,
this option should not cause any additional spinups.
Miscellaneous options:
-t <disk> Spin-down the specfified disk immediately and exit.
-d Debug mode. This will prevent hd-idle from
becoming a daemon and print debugging info to
stdout/stderr
-h Print usage information.
Regarding the parameter "-a":
Users of hd-idle have asked for means to set idle-time parameters for
individual disks. This makes a lot of sense, not only because some [SCSI]
disks may not react well to being stopped. Originally, hd-idle had one idle
time for all disks. The parameter "-a" can now be used to set a filter on
the disk's device name (omit /dev/) for subsequent idle-time settings.
1) A -i option before the first -a option will set the default idle time;
hence, compatibility with previous releases of hd-idle is maintained.
2) In order to disable spin-down of disks per default, and then re-enable
spin-down on selected disks, set the default idle time to 0.
Example:
hd-idle -i 0 -a sda -i 300 -a sdb -i 1200
This example sets the default idle time to 0 (meaning hd-idle will never
try to spin down a disk), then sets explicit idle times for disks which
have the string "sda" or "sdb" in their device name.
Stopping hd-idle
----------------
Use "killall hd-idle" to stop hd-idle. On a Debian system, use
"/etc/init.d/hd-idle stop".

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cvsenv.sh
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export CVS_RSH=ssh
export CVSROOT=cjmueller@hd-idle.cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/hd-idle

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hd-idle (1.05) unstable; urgency=low
* Allow SCSI device names with more than one character (e.g. sdaa) in case
there are more than 26 SCSI targets.
-- Christian Mueller <cm1@mumac.de> Sun, 6 Apr 2014 22:02:00 +0200
hd-idle (1.04) unstable; urgency=low
* Make hd-idle's build environment compatible to Debian package management;
this effort is meant to allow hd-idle to become an official Debian package
* Man page for hd-idle
-- Christian Mueller <cm1@mumac.de> Fri, 30 Sep 2011 22:35:12 +0200
hd-idle (1.03) unstable; urgency=low
* Use %u in dprintf() when reporting number of reads and writes (the
corresponding variable is an unsigned int).
* Fix example in README where the parameter "-a" was written as "-n".
-- Christian Mueller <cm1@mumac.de> Sun, 5 Dec 2010 19:25:51 +0100
hd-idle (1.02) unstable; urgency=low
* In case the SCSI stop unit command fails with "check condition", print a
hex dump of the sense buffer to stderr. This is supposed to help
debugging.
-- Christian Mueller <cm1@mumac.de> Sat, 6 Nov 2010 15:47:00 +0100
hd-idle (1.01) unstable; urgency=low
* The parameter "-a" now also supports symlinks for disk names. Thus, disks
can be specified using something like /dev/disk/by-uuid/... Use "-d" to
verify that the resulting disk name is what you want.
Please note that disk names are resolved to device nodes at startup. Also,
since many entries in /dev/disk/by-xxx are actually partitions, partition
numbers are automatically removed from the resulting device node.
* Not really a bug, but the disk name comparison used strstr which is a bit
useless because only disks starting with "sd" and a single letter after
that are currently considered. Replaced the comparison with strcmp()
-- Christian Mueller <cm1@mumac.de> Fri, 26 Feb 2010 14:03:44 +0100
hd-idle (1.00) unstable; urgency=low
* New parameter "-a" to allow selecting idle timeouts for individual disks;
compatibility to previous releases is maintained by having an implicit
default which matches all SCSI disks
* Changed comparison operator for idle periods from '>' to '>=' to prevent
adding one polling interval to idle time
* Changed sleep time before calling sync after updating the log file to 1s
(from 3s) to accumulate fewer dirty blocks before synching. It's still
a compromize but the log file is for debugging purposes, anyway. A test
with fsync() was unsuccessful because the next bdflush-initiated sync
still caused spin-ups.
-- Christian Mueller <cm1@mumac.de> Wed, 18 Nov 2009 20:53:17 +0100
hd-idle (0.99) unstable; urgency=low
* Initial Release.
-- Christian Mueller <cm1@mumac.de> Mon, 23 Apr 2007 22:03:10 +0100

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7

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Source: hd-idle
Section: utils
Priority: extra
Maintainer: Christian Mueller <cm1@mumac.de>
Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 7.0.50~), libc6-dev
Standards-Version: 3.8.4
Homepage: http://hd-idle.sf.net
#Vcs-Git: git://git.debian.org/collab-maint/hd-idle.git
#Vcs-Browser: http://git.debian.org/?p=collab-maint/hd-idle.git;a=summary
Package: hd-idle
Architecture: any
Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}
Description: Spin down idle [USB] hard disks
hd-idle is a utility program for spinning-down external disks after a period
of idle time. Since most external IDE disk enclosures don't support setting
the IDE idle timer, a program like hd-idle is required to spin down idle disks
automatically.
.
A word of caution: hard disks don't like spinning up too often. Laptop disks
are more robust in this respect than desktop disks but if you set your disks
to spin down after a few seconds you may damage the disk over time due to the
stress the spin-up causes on the spindle motor and bearings. It seems that
manufacturers recommend a minimum idle time of 3-5 minutes, the default in
hd-idle is 10 minutes.
.
One more word of caution: hd-idle will spin down any disk accessible via the
SCSI layer (USB, IEEE1394, ...) but it will not work with real SCSI disks
because they don't spin up automatically. Thus it's not called scsi-idle and
I don't recommend using it on a real SCSI system unless you have a kernel
patch that automatically starts the SCSI disks after receiving a sense buffer
indicating the disk has been stopped. Without such a patch, real SCSI disks
won't start again and you can as well pull the plug.

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debian/copyright vendored
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This work was written and packaged by Christian Mueller <cm1@mumac.de>
It was downloaded from: <http://hd-idle.sf.net>
Upstream Author(s): Christian Mueller <cm1@mumac.de>
Copyright:
<Copyright (C) 2007 Christian Mueller>
License:
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This package is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
On Debian systems, the complete text of the GNU General
Public License version 3 can be found in "/usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-3".
The Debian packaging is:
Copyright (C) 2011 Christian Mueller <cm1@mumac.de>
and is licensed under the GPL version 3, see above.

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debian/docs vendored
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README

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debian/hd-idle.default vendored
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# defaults file for hd-idle
# start hd-idle automatically?
START_HD_IDLE=false
# hd-idle command line options
# Options are:
# -a <name> Set device name of disks for subsequent idle-time
# parameters (-i). This parameter is optional in the
# sense that there's a default entry for all disks
# which are not named otherwise by using this
# parameter. This can also be a symlink
# (e.g. /dev/disk/by-uuid/...)
# -i <idle_time> Idle time in seconds.
# -l <logfile> Name of logfile (written only after a disk has spun
# up). Please note that this option might cause the
# disk which holds the logfile to spin up just because
# another disk had some activity. This option should
# not be used on systems with more than one disk
# except for tuning purposes. On single-disk systems,
# this option should not cause any additional spinups.
#
# Options not exactly useful here:
# -t <disk> Spin-down the specfified disk immediately and exit.
# -d Debug mode. This will prevent hd-idle from
# becoming a daemon and print debugging info to
# stdout/stderr
# -h Print usage information.
#HD_IDLE_OPTS="-i 180 -l /var/log/hd-idle.log"

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debian/hd-idle.init vendored
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#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: hd-idle
# Required-Start: $local_fs
# Required-Stop: $local_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start hd-idle daemon (spin down idle hard disks)
### END INIT INFO
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/hd-idle
HD_IDLE_OPTS="-i 600"
START_HD_IDLE=false
[ -r /etc/default/hd-idle ] && . /etc/default/hd-idle
if [ "$START_HD_IDLE" != "true" ] ; then
exit 0
fi
# See if the daemon is there
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
case "$1" in
start)
log_daemon_msg "Starting the hd-idle daemon" "hd-idle"
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --oknodo --exec $DAEMON -- $HD_IDLE_OPTS
log_end_msg $?
;;
stop)
log_daemon_msg "Stopping the hd-idle daemon" "hd-idle"
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --exec $DAEMON
log_end_msg $?
;;
restart|force-reload)
$0 stop && sleep 2 && $0 start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/hd-idle start/stop/restart/force-reload"
exit 1
;;
esac

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debian/rules vendored
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#!/usr/bin/make -f
# -*- makefile -*-
# Sample debian/rules that uses debhelper.
# This file was originally written by Joey Hess and Craig Small.
# As a special exception, when this file is copied by dh-make into a
# dh-make output file, you may use that output file without restriction.
# This special exception was added by Craig Small in version 0.37 of dh-make.
# Uncomment this to turn on verbose mode.
# export DH_VERBOSE=1
%:
dh $@

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debian/source/format vendored
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3.0 (native)

101
hd-idle.1
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.\" Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*-
.\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps
.\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection
.\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1)
.TH HD-IDLE 1 "September 29, 2011"
.\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage.
.\"
.\" Some roff macros, for reference:
.\" .nh disable hyphenation
.\" .hy enable hyphenation
.\" .ad l left justify
.\" .ad b justify to both left and right margins
.\" .nf disable filling
.\" .fi enable filling
.\" .br insert line break
.\" .sp <n> insert n+1 empty lines
.\" for manpage-specific macros, see man(7)
.SH NAME
hd-idle \- spin down idle hard disks
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B hd-idle
.RI [ options ]
.P
.SH DESCRIPTION
hd-idle is a utility program for spinning down external disks after a period
of idle time. Since most external IDE disk enclosures don't support setting
the IDE idle timer, a program like hd-idle is required to spin down idle
disks automatically.
.P
A word of caution: hard disks don't like spinning up too often. Laptop disks
are more robust in this respect than desktop disks but if you set your disks
to spin down after a few seconds you may damage the disk over time due to the
stress the spin-up causes on the spindle motor and bearings. It seems that
manufacturers recommend a minimum idle time of 3-5 minutes, the default in
hd-idle is 10 minutes.
.P
One more word of caution: hd-idle will spin down any disk accessible via the
SCSI layer (USB, IEEE1394, ...) but it will NOT work with real SCSI disks
because they won't spin up automatically. Thus it's not called scsi-idle and
I don't recommend using it on a real SCSI system unless you have a kernel
patch that automatically starts the SCSI disks after receiving a sense buffer
indicating the disk has been stopped. Without such a patch, real SCSI disks
won't start again and you can as well pull the plug.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-a name
Set device name of disks for subsequent idle-time parameters
.B (-i).
This parameter is optional in the sense that there's a default entry for
all disks which are not named otherwise by using this parameter. This can
also be a symlink (e.g. /dev/disk/by-uuid/...)
.TP
.B \-i idle_time
Idle time in seconds for the currently named disk(s) (-a <name>) or for
all disks.
.TP
.B \-l logfile
Name of logfile (written only after a disk has spun up). Please note that
this option might cause the disk which holds the logfile to spin up just
because another disk had some activity. This option should not be used on
systems with more than one disk except for tuning purposes. On single-disk
systems, this option should not cause any additional spinups.
.TP
.B \-t disk
Spin-down the specfified disk immediately and exit.
.TP
.B \-d
Debug mode. This will prevent hd-idle from becoming a daemon and print
debugging info to stdout/stderr
.TP
.B \-h
Print usage information.
.SH "DISK SELECTION"
The parameter
.B \-a
can be used to set a filter on the disk's device name (omit /dev/) for
subsequent idle-time settings. The default is all disks:
.P
.TP
.B \1)
A
.B \-i
option before the first
.B \-a
option will set the default idle time; hence, compatibility with previous
releases of hd-idle is maintained.
.TP
.B \2)
In order to disable spin-down of disks per default, and then re-enable
spin-down on selected disks, set the default idle time to 0.
.SH EXAMPLE
hd-idle -i 0 -a sda -i 300 -a sdb -i 1200
.P
This example sets the default idle time to 0 (meaning hd-idle will never
try to spin down a disk), then sets explicit idle times for disks which
have the string "sda" or "sdb" in their device name.
.SH AUTHOR
hd-idle was written by Chistian Mueller <chris@mumac.de>
.PP
This manual page was written by Christian Mueller <chris@mumac.de>,
for the Debian project (and may be used by others).

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/*
* hd-idle.c - external disk idle daemon
*
* Copyright (c) 2007 Christian Mueller.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
/*
* hd-idle is a utility program for spinning-down external disks after a period
* of idle time. Since most external IDE disk enclosures don't support setting
* the IDE idle timer, a program like hd-idle is required to spin down idle
* disks automatically.
*
* A word of caution: hard disks don't like spinning-up too often. Laptop disks
* are more robust in this respect than desktop disks but if you set your disks
* to spin down after a few seconds you may damage the disk over time due to the
* stress the spin-up causes on the spindle motor and bearings. It seems that
* manufacturers recommend a minimum idle time of 3-5 minutes, the default in
* hd-idle is 10 minutes.
*
* Please note that hd-idle can spin down any disk accessible via the SCSI
* layer (USB, IEEE1394, ...) but it will NOT work with real SCSI disks because
* they don't spin up automatically. Thus it's not called scsi-idle and I don't
* recommend using it on a real SCSI system unless you have a kernel patch that
* automatically starts the SCSI disks after receiving a sense buffer indicating
* the disk has been stopped. Without such a patch, real SCSI disks won't start
* again and you can as well pull the plug.
*
* You have been warned...
*
* CVS Change Log:
* ---------------
*
* $Log: hd-idle.c,v $
* Revision 1.7 2014/04/06 19:53:51 cjmueller
* Version 1.05
* ------------
*
* Bugs:
* - Allow SCSI device names with more than one character (e.g. sdaa) in case
* there are more than 26 SCSI targets.
*
* Revision 1.6 2010/12/05 19:25:51 cjmueller
* Version 1.03
* ------------
*
* Bugs
* - Use %u in dprintf() when reporting number of reads and writes (the
* corresponding variable is an unsigned int).
* - Fix example in README where the parameter "-a" was written as "-n".
*
* Revision 1.5 2010/11/06 15:30:04 cjmueller
* Version 1.02
* ------------
*
* Features
* - In case the SCSI stop unit command fails with "check condition", print a
* hex dump of the sense buffer to stderr. This is supposed to help
* debugging.
*
* Revision 1.4 2010/02/26 14:03:44 cjmueller
* Version 1.01
* ------------
*
* Features
* - The parameter "-a" now also supports symlinks for disk names. Thus, disks
* can be specified using something like /dev/disk/by-uuid/... Use "-d" to
* verify that the resulting disk name is what you want.
*
* Please note that disk names are resolved to device nodes at startup. Also,
* since many entries in /dev/disk/by-xxx are actually partitions, partition
* numbers are automatically removed from the resulting device node.
*
* Bugs
* - Not really a bug, but the disk name comparison used strstr which is a bit
* useless because only disks starting with "sd" and a single letter after
* that are currently considered. Replaced the comparison with strcmp()
*
* Revision 1.3 2009/11/18 20:53:17 cjmueller
* Features
* - New parameter "-a" to allow selecting idle timeouts for individual disks;
* compatibility to previous releases is maintained by having an implicit
* default which matches all SCSI disks
*
* Bugs
* - Changed comparison operator for idle periods from '>' to '>=' to prevent
* adding one polling interval to idle time
* - Changed sleep time before calling sync after updating the log file to 1s
* (from 3s) to accumulate fewer dirty blocks before synching. It's still
* a compromize but the log file is for debugging purposes, anyway. A test
* with fsync() was unsuccessful because the next bdflush-initiated sync
* still caused spin-ups.
*
* Revision 1.2 2007/04/23 22:14:27 cjmueller
* Bug fixes
* - Comment changes; no functionality changes...
*
* Revision 1.1.1.1 2007/04/23 21:49:43 cjmueller
* initial import into CVS
*
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <scsi/sg.h>
#include <scsi/scsi.h>
#define STAT_FILE "/proc/diskstats"
#define DEFAULT_IDLE_TIME 600
#define dprintf if (debug) printf
/* typedefs and structures */
typedef struct IDLE_TIME {
struct IDLE_TIME *next;
char *name;
int idle_time;
} IDLE_TIME;
typedef struct DISKSTATS {
struct DISKSTATS *next;
char name[50];
int idle_time;
time_t last_io;
time_t spindown;
time_t spinup;
unsigned int spun_down : 1;
unsigned int reads;
unsigned int writes;
} DISKSTATS;
/* function prototypes */
static void daemonize (void);
static DISKSTATS *get_diskstats (const char *name);
static void spindown_disk (const char *name);
static void log_spinup (DISKSTATS *ds);
static char *disk_name (char *name);
static void phex (const void *p, int len,
const char *fmt, ...);
/* global/static variables */
IDLE_TIME *it_root;
DISKSTATS *ds_root;
char *logfile = "/dev/null";
int debug;
/* main function */
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
IDLE_TIME *it;
int have_logfile = 0;
int min_idle_time;
int sleep_time;
int opt;
/* create default idle-time parameter entry */
if ((it = malloc(sizeof(*it))) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
exit(1);
}
it->next = NULL;
it->name = NULL;
it->idle_time = DEFAULT_IDLE_TIME;
it_root = it;
/* process command line options */
while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "t:a:i:l:dh")) != -1) {
switch (opt) {
case 't':
/* just spin-down the specified disk and exit */
spindown_disk(optarg);
return(0);
case 'a':
/* add a new set of idle-time parameters for this particular disk */
if ((it = malloc(sizeof(*it))) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
return(2);
}
it->name = disk_name(optarg);
it->idle_time = DEFAULT_IDLE_TIME;
it->next = it_root;
it_root = it;
break;
case 'i':
/* set idle-time parameters for current (or default) disk */
it->idle_time = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'l':
logfile = optarg;
have_logfile = 1;
break;
case 'd':
debug = 1;
break;
case 'h':
printf("usage: hd-idle [-t <disk>] [-a <name>] [-i <idle_time>] [-l <logfile>] [-d] [-h]\n");
return(0);
case ':':
fprintf(stderr, "error: option -%c requires an argument\n", optopt);
return(1);
case '?':
fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option -%c\n", optopt);
return(1);
}
}
/* set sleep time to 1/10th of the shortest idle time */
min_idle_time = 1 << 30;
for (it = it_root; it != NULL; it = it->next) {
if (it->idle_time != 0 && it->idle_time < min_idle_time) {
min_idle_time = it->idle_time;
}
}
if ((sleep_time = min_idle_time / 10) == 0) {
sleep_time = 1;
}
/* daemonize unless we're running in debug mode */
if (!debug) {
daemonize();
}
/* main loop: probe for idle disks and stop them */
for (;;) {
DISKSTATS tmp;
FILE *fp;
char buf[200];
if ((fp = fopen(STAT_FILE, "r")) == NULL) {
perror(STAT_FILE);
return(2);
}
memset(&tmp, 0x00, sizeof(tmp));
while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) != NULL) {
if (sscanf(buf, "%*d %*d %s %*u %*u %u %*u %*u %*u %u %*u %*u %*u %*u",
tmp.name, &tmp.reads, &tmp.writes) == 3) {
DISKSTATS *ds;
time_t now = time(NULL);
const char *s;
/* make sure this is a SCSI disk (sd[a-z]+) without partition number */
if (tmp.name[0] != 's' || tmp.name[1] != 'd') {
continue;
}
for (s = tmp.name + 2; isalpha(*s); s++);
if (*s != '\0') {
/* ignore disk partitions */
continue;
}
dprintf("probing %s: reads: %u, writes: %u\n", tmp.name, tmp.reads, tmp.writes);
/* get previous statistics for this disk */
ds = get_diskstats(tmp.name);
if (ds == NULL) {
/* new disk; just add it to the linked list */
if ((ds = malloc(sizeof(*ds))) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
return(2);
}
memcpy(ds, &tmp, sizeof(*ds));
ds->last_io = now;
ds->spinup = ds->last_io;
ds->next = ds_root;
ds_root = ds;
/* find idle time for this disk (falling-back to default; default means
* 'it->name == NULL' and this entry will always be the last due to the
* way this single-linked list is built when parsing command line
* arguments)
*/
for (it = it_root; it != NULL; it = it->next) {
if (it->name == NULL || !strcmp(ds->name, it->name)) {
ds->idle_time = it->idle_time;
break;
}
}
} else if (ds->reads == tmp.reads && ds->writes == tmp.writes) {
if (!ds->spun_down) {
/* no activity on this disk and still running */
if (ds->idle_time != 0 && now - ds->last_io >= ds->idle_time) {
spindown_disk(ds->name);
ds->spindown = now;
ds->spun_down = 1;
}
}
} else {
/* disk had some activity */
if (ds->spun_down) {
/* disk was spun down, thus it has just spun up */
if (have_logfile) {
log_spinup(ds);
}
ds->spinup = now;
}
ds->reads = tmp.reads;
ds->writes = tmp.writes;
ds->last_io = now;
ds->spun_down = 0;
}
}
}
fclose(fp);
sleep(sleep_time);
}
return(0);
}
/* become a daemon */
static void daemonize(void)
{
int maxfd;
int i;
/* fork #1: exit parent process and continue in the background */
if ((i = fork()) < 0) {
perror("couldn't fork");
exit(2);
} else if (i > 0) {
_exit(0);
}
/* fork #2: detach from terminal and fork again so we can never regain
* access to the terminal */
setsid();
if ((i = fork()) < 0) {
perror("couldn't fork #2");
exit(2);
} else if (i > 0) {
_exit(0);
}
/* change to root directory and close file descriptors */
chdir("/");
maxfd = getdtablesize();
for (i = 0; i < maxfd; i++) {
close(i);
}
/* use /dev/null for stdin, stdout and stderr */
open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY);
open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
}
/* get DISKSTATS entry by name of disk */
static DISKSTATS *get_diskstats(const char *name)
{
DISKSTATS *ds;
for (ds = ds_root; ds != NULL; ds = ds->next) {
if (!strcmp(ds->name, name)) {
return(ds);
}
}
return(NULL);
}
/* spin-down a disk */
static void spindown_disk(const char *name)
{
struct sg_io_hdr io_hdr;
unsigned char sense_buf[255];
char dev_name[100];
int fd;
dprintf("spindown: %s\n", name);
/* fabricate SCSI IO request */
memset(&io_hdr, 0x00, sizeof(io_hdr));
io_hdr.interface_id = 'S';
io_hdr.dxfer_direction = SG_DXFER_NONE;
/* SCSI stop unit command */
io_hdr.cmdp = (unsigned char *) "\x1b\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00";
io_hdr.cmd_len = 6;
io_hdr.sbp = sense_buf;
io_hdr.mx_sb_len = (unsigned char) sizeof(sense_buf);
/* open disk device (kernel 2.4 will probably need "sg" names here) */
snprintf(dev_name, sizeof(dev_name), "/dev/%s", name);
if ((fd = open(dev_name, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
perror(dev_name);
return;
}
/* execute SCSI request */
if (ioctl(fd, SG_IO, &io_hdr) < 0) {
char buf[100];
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "ioctl on %s:", name);
perror(buf);
} else if (io_hdr.masked_status != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "error: SCSI command failed with status 0x%02x\n",
io_hdr.masked_status);
if (io_hdr.masked_status == CHECK_CONDITION) {
phex(sense_buf, io_hdr.sb_len_wr, "sense buffer:\n");
}
}
close(fd);
}
/* write a spin-up event message to the log file */
static void log_spinup(DISKSTATS *ds)
{
FILE *fp;
if ((fp = fopen(logfile, "a")) != NULL) {
/* Print statistics to logfile
*
* Note: This doesn't work too well if there are multiple disks
* because the I/O we're dealing with might be on another
* disk so we effectively wake up the disk the log file is
* stored on as well. Then again the logfile is a debugging
* option, so what...
*/
time_t now = time(NULL);
char tstr[20];
char dstr[20];
strftime(dstr, sizeof(dstr), "%Y-%m-%d", localtime(&now));
strftime(tstr, sizeof(tstr), "%H:%M:%S", localtime(&now));
fprintf(fp,
"date: %s, time: %s, disk: %s, running: %ld, stopped: %ld\n",
dstr, tstr, ds->name,
(long) ds->spindown - (long) ds->spinup,
(long) time(NULL) - (long) ds->spindown);
/* Sync to make sure writing to the logfile won't cause another
* spinup in 30 seconds (or whatever bdflush uses as flush interval).
*/
fclose(fp);
sleep(1);
sync();
}
}
/* Resolve disk names specified as "/dev/disk/by-xxx" or some other symlink.
* Please note that this function is only called during command line parsing
* and hd-idle per se does not support dynamic disk additions or removals at
* runtime.
*
* This might change in the future but would require some fiddling to avoid
* needless overhead -- after all, this was designed to run on tiny embedded
* devices, too.
*/
static char *disk_name(char *path)
{
ssize_t len;
char buf[256];
char *s;
if (*path != '/') {
/* just a disk name without /dev prefix */
return(path);
}
if ((len = readlink(path, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1)) <= 0) {
if (errno != EINVAL) {
/* couldn't resolve disk name */
return(path);
}
/* 'path' is not a symlink */
strncpy(buf, path, sizeof(buf) - 1);
buf[sizeof(buf)-1] = '\0';
len = strlen(buf);
}
buf[len] = '\0';
/* remove partition numbers, if any */
for (s = buf + strlen(buf) - 1; s >= buf && isdigit(*s); s--) {
*s = '\0';
}
/* Extract basename of the disk in /dev. Note that this assumes that the
* final target of the symlink (if any) resolves to /dev/sd*
*/
if ((s = strrchr(buf, '/')) != NULL) {
s++;
} else {
s = buf;
}
if ((s = strdup(s)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "out of memory");
exit(2);
}
if (debug) {
printf("using %s for %s\n", s, path);
}
return(s);
}
/* print hex dump to stderr (e.g. sense buffers) */
static void phex(const void *p, int len, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list va;
const unsigned char *buf = p;
int pos = 0;
int i;
/* print header */
va_start(va, fmt);
vfprintf(stderr, fmt, va);
/* print hex block */
while (len > 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "%08x ", pos);
/* print hex block */
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
if (i < len) {
fprintf(stderr, "%c%02x", ((i == 8) ? '-' : ' '), buf[i]);
} else {
fprintf(stderr, " ");
}
}
/* print ASCII block */
fprintf(stderr, " ");
for (i = 0; i < ((len > 16) ? 16 : len); i++) {
fprintf(stderr, "%c", (buf[i] >= 32 && buf[i] < 128) ? buf[i] : '.');
}
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
pos += 16;
buf += 16;
len -= 16;
}
}

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