423 lines
9.9 KiB
Plaintext
423 lines
9.9 KiB
Plaintext
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=pod
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=head1 NAME
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openssl - OpenSSL command line tool
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=head1 SYNOPSIS
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B<openssl>
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I<command>
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[ I<command_opts> ]
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[ I<command_args> ]
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B<openssl> [ B<list-standard-commands> | B<list-message-digest-commands> | B<list-cipher-commands> | B<list-cipher-algorithms> | B<list-message-digest-algorithms> | B<list-public-key-algorithms>]
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B<openssl> B<no->I<XXX> [ I<arbitrary options> ]
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL
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v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related
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cryptography standards required by them.
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The B<openssl> program is a command line tool for using the various
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cryptography functions of OpenSSL's B<crypto> library from the shell.
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It can be used for
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o Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
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o Public key cryptographic operations
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o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
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o Calculation of Message Digests
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o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
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o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
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o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
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o Time Stamp requests, generation and verification
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=head1 COMMAND SUMMARY
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The B<openssl> program provides a rich variety of commands (I<command> in the
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SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments
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(I<command_opts> and I<command_args> in the SYNOPSIS).
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The pseudo-commands B<list-standard-commands>, B<list-message-digest-commands>,
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and B<list-cipher-commands> output a list (one entry per line) of the names
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of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands,
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respectively, that are available in the present B<openssl> utility.
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The pseudo-commands B<list-cipher-algorithms> and
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B<list-message-digest-algorithms> list all cipher and message digest names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as:
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from => to
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The pseudo-command B<list-public-key-algorithms> lists all supported public
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key algorithms.
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The pseudo-command B<no->I<XXX> tests whether a command of the
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specified name is available. If no command named I<XXX> exists, it
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returns 0 (success) and prints B<no->I<XXX>; otherwise it returns 1
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and prints I<XXX>. In both cases, the output goes to B<stdout> and
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nothing is printed to B<stderr>. Additional command line arguments
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are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the
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same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the
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availability of ciphers in the B<openssl> program. (B<no->I<XXX> is
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not able to detect pseudo-commands such as B<quit>,
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B<list->I<...>B<-commands>, or B<no->I<XXX> itself.)
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=head2 STANDARD COMMANDS
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=over 10
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=item L<B<asn1parse>|asn1parse(1)>
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Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
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=item L<B<ca>|ca(1)>
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Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
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=item L<B<ciphers>|ciphers(1)>
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Cipher Suite Description Determination.
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=item L<B<cms>|cms(1)>
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CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility
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=item L<B<crl>|crl(1)>
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Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
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=item L<B<crl2pkcs7>|crl2pkcs7(1)>
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CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
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=item L<B<dgst>|dgst(1)>
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Message Digest Calculation.
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=item B<dh>
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Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management.
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Obsoleted by L<B<dhparam>|dhparam(1)>.
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=item L<B<dhparam>|dhparam(1)>
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Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by
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L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)> and L<B<pkeyparam>|pkeyparam(1)>
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=item L<B<dsa>|dsa(1)>
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DSA Data Management.
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=item L<B<dsaparam>|dsaparam(1)>
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DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by
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L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)> and L<B<pkeyparam>|pkeyparam(1)>
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=item L<B<ec>|ec(1)>
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EC (Elliptic curve) key processing
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=item L<B<ecparam>|ecparam(1)>
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EC parameter manipulation and generation
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=item L<B<enc>|enc(1)>
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Encoding with Ciphers.
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=item L<B<engine>|engine(1)>
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Engine (loadble module) information and manipulation.
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=item L<B<errstr>|errstr(1)>
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Error Number to Error String Conversion.
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=item B<gendh>
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Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.
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Obsoleted by L<B<dhparam>|dhparam(1)>.
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=item L<B<gendsa>|gendsa(1)>
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Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by
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L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)> and L<B<pkey>|pkey(1)>
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=item L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)>
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Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
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=item L<B<genrsa>|genrsa(1)>
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Generation of RSA Private Key. Superceded by L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)>.
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=item L<B<nseq>|nseq(1)>
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Create or examine a netscape certificate sequence
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=item L<B<ocsp>|ocsp(1)>
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Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.
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=item L<B<passwd>|passwd(1)>
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Generation of hashed passwords.
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=item L<B<pkcs12>|pkcs12(1)>
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PKCS#12 Data Management.
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=item L<B<pkcs7>|pkcs7(1)>
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PKCS#7 Data Management.
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=item L<B<pkey>|pkey(1)>
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Public and private key management.
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=item L<B<pkeyparam>|pkeyparam(1)>
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Public key algorithm parameter management.
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=item L<B<pkeyutl>|pkeyutl(1)>
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Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.
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=item L<B<rand>|rand(1)>
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Generate pseudo-random bytes.
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=item L<B<req>|req(1)>
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PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
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=item L<B<rsa>|rsa(1)>
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RSA key management.
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=item L<B<rsautl>|rsautl(1)>
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RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded
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by L<B<pkeyutl>|pkeyutl(1)>
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=item L<B<s_client>|s_client(1)>
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This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent
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connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing
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purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but
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internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library.
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=item L<B<s_server>|s_server(1)>
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This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote
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clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides
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only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all
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functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library. It provides both an own command
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line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response
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facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
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=item L<B<s_time>|s_time(1)>
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SSL Connection Timer.
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=item L<B<sess_id>|sess_id(1)>
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SSL Session Data Management.
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=item L<B<smime>|smime(1)>
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S/MIME mail processing.
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=item L<B<speed>|speed(1)>
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Algorithm Speed Measurement.
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=item L<B<spkac>|spkac(1)>
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SPKAC printing and generating utility
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=item L<B<ts>|ts(1)>
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Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server)
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=item L<B<verify>|verify(1)>
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X.509 Certificate Verification.
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=item L<B<version>|version(1)>
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OpenSSL Version Information.
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=item L<B<x509>|x509(1)>
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X.509 Certificate Data Management.
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=back
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=head2 MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS
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=over 10
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=item B<md2>
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MD2 Digest
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=item B<md5>
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MD5 Digest
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=item B<mdc2>
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MDC2 Digest
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=item B<rmd160>
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RMD-160 Digest
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=item B<sha>
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SHA Digest
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=item B<sha1>
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SHA-1 Digest
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=item B<sha224>
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SHA-224 Digest
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=item B<sha256>
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SHA-256 Digest
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=item B<sha384>
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SHA-384 Digest
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=item B<sha512>
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SHA-512 Digest
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=back
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=head2 ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS
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=over 10
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=item B<base64>
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Base64 Encoding
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=item B<bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb>
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Blowfish Cipher
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=item B<cast cast-cbc>
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CAST Cipher
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=item B<cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb>
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CAST5 Cipher
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=item B<des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb>
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DES Cipher
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=item B<des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb>
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Triple-DES Cipher
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=item B<idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb>
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IDEA Cipher
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=item B<rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb>
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RC2 Cipher
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=item B<rc4>
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RC4 Cipher
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=item B<rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb>
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RC5 Cipher
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=back
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=head1 PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS
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Several commands accept password arguments, typically using B<-passin>
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and B<-passout> for input and output passwords respectively. These allow
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the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these
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options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no
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password argument is given and a password is required then the user is
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prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current
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terminal with echoing turned off.
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=over 10
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=item B<pass:password>
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the actual password is B<password>. Since the password is visible
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to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used
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where security is not important.
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=item B<env:var>
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obtain the password from the environment variable B<var>. Since
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the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms
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(e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.
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=item B<file:pathname>
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the first line of B<pathname> is the password. If the same B<pathname>
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argument is supplied to B<-passin> and B<-passout> arguments then the first
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line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output
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password. B<pathname> need not refer to a regular file: it could for example
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refer to a device or named pipe.
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=item B<fd:number>
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read the password from the file descriptor B<number>. This can be used to
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send the data via a pipe for example.
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=item B<stdin>
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read the password from standard input.
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=back
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=head1 SEE ALSO
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L<asn1parse(1)|asn1parse(1)>, L<ca(1)|ca(1)>, L<config(5)|config(5)>,
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L<crl(1)|crl(1)>, L<crl2pkcs7(1)|crl2pkcs7(1)>, L<dgst(1)|dgst(1)>,
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L<dhparam(1)|dhparam(1)>, L<dsa(1)|dsa(1)>, L<dsaparam(1)|dsaparam(1)>,
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L<enc(1)|enc(1)>, L<gendsa(1)|gendsa(1)>, L<genpkey(1)|genpkey(1)>,
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L<genrsa(1)|genrsa(1)>, L<nseq(1)|nseq(1)>, L<openssl(1)|openssl(1)>,
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L<passwd(1)|passwd(1)>,
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L<pkcs12(1)|pkcs12(1)>, L<pkcs7(1)|pkcs7(1)>, L<pkcs8(1)|pkcs8(1)>,
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L<rand(1)|rand(1)>, L<req(1)|req(1)>, L<rsa(1)|rsa(1)>,
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L<rsautl(1)|rsautl(1)>, L<s_client(1)|s_client(1)>,
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L<s_server(1)|s_server(1)>, L<s_time(1)|s_time(1)>,
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L<smime(1)|smime(1)>, L<spkac(1)|spkac(1)>,
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L<verify(1)|verify(1)>, L<version(1)|version(1)>, L<x509(1)|x509(1)>,
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L<crypto(3)|crypto(3)>, L<ssl(3)|ssl(3)>, L<x509v3_config(5)|x509v3_config(5)>
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=head1 HISTORY
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The openssl(1) document appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2.
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The B<list->I<XXX>B<-commands> pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.3;
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The B<list->I<XXX>B<-algorithms> pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0;
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the B<no->I<XXX> pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.5a.
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For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual
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manual pages.
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=cut
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