324 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
324 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
=head1 NAME
|
|
|
|
Module::Build::Authoring - Authoring Module::Build modules
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 DESCRIPTION
|
|
|
|
When creating a C<Build.PL> script for a module, something like the
|
|
following code will typically be used:
|
|
|
|
use Module::Build;
|
|
my $build = Module::Build->new
|
|
(
|
|
module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
|
|
license => 'perl',
|
|
requires => {
|
|
'perl' => '5.6.1',
|
|
'Some::Module' => '1.23',
|
|
'Other::Module' => '>= 1.2, != 1.5, < 2.0',
|
|
},
|
|
);
|
|
$build->create_build_script;
|
|
|
|
A simple module could get away with something as short as this for its
|
|
C<Build.PL> script:
|
|
|
|
use Module::Build;
|
|
Module::Build->new(
|
|
module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
|
|
license => 'perl',
|
|
)->create_build_script;
|
|
|
|
The model used by C<Module::Build> is a lot like the C<MakeMaker>
|
|
metaphor, with the following correspondences:
|
|
|
|
In Module::Build In ExtUtils::MakeMaker
|
|
--------------------------- ------------------------
|
|
Build.PL (initial script) Makefile.PL (initial script)
|
|
Build (a short perl script) Makefile (a long Makefile)
|
|
_build/ (saved state info) various config text in the Makefile
|
|
|
|
Any customization can be done simply by subclassing C<Module::Build>
|
|
and adding a method called (for example) C<ACTION_test>, overriding
|
|
the default 'test' action. You could also add a method called
|
|
C<ACTION_whatever>, and then you could perform the action C<Build
|
|
whatever>.
|
|
|
|
For information on providing compatibility with
|
|
C<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>, see L<Module::Build::Compat> and
|
|
L<http://www.makemaker.org/wiki/index.cgi?ModuleBuildConversionGuide>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 STRUCTURE
|
|
|
|
Module::Build creates a class hierarchy conducive to customization.
|
|
Here is the parent-child class hierarchy in classy ASCII art:
|
|
|
|
/--------------------\
|
|
| Your::Parent | (If you subclass Module::Build)
|
|
\--------------------/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/--------------------\ (Doesn't define any functionality
|
|
| Module::Build | of its own - just figures out what
|
|
\--------------------/ other modules to load.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/-----------------------------------\ (Some values of $^O may
|
|
| Module::Build::Platform::$^O | define specialized functionality.
|
|
\-----------------------------------/ Otherwise it's ...::Default, a
|
|
| pass-through class.)
|
|
|
|
|
/--------------------------\
|
|
| Module::Build::Base | (Most of the functionality of
|
|
\--------------------------/ Module::Build is defined here.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 SUBCLASSING
|
|
|
|
Right now, there are two ways to subclass Module::Build. The first
|
|
way is to create a regular module (in a C<.pm> file) that inherits
|
|
from Module::Build, and use that module's class instead of using
|
|
Module::Build directly:
|
|
|
|
------ in Build.PL: ----------
|
|
#!/usr/bin/perl
|
|
|
|
use lib q(/nonstandard/library/path);
|
|
use My::Builder; # Or whatever you want to call it
|
|
|
|
my $build = My::Builder->new
|
|
(
|
|
module_name => 'Foo::Bar', # All the regular args...
|
|
license => 'perl',
|
|
dist_author => 'A N Other <me@here.net.au>',
|
|
requires => { Carp => 0 }
|
|
);
|
|
$build->create_build_script;
|
|
|
|
This is relatively straightforward, and is the best way to do things
|
|
if your My::Builder class contains lots of code. The
|
|
C<create_build_script()> method will ensure that the current value of
|
|
C<@INC> (including the C</nonstandard/library/path>) is propagated to
|
|
the Build script, so that My::Builder can be found when running build
|
|
actions. If you find that you need to C<chdir> into a different directories
|
|
in your subclass methods or actions, be sure to always return to the original
|
|
directory (available via the C<base_dir()> method before returning control
|
|
to the parent class. This is important to avoid data serialization problems.
|
|
|
|
For very small additions, Module::Build provides a C<subclass()>
|
|
method that lets you subclass Module::Build more conveniently, without
|
|
creating a separate file for your module:
|
|
|
|
------ in Build.PL: ----------
|
|
#!/usr/bin/perl
|
|
|
|
use Module::Build;
|
|
my $class = Module::Build->subclass
|
|
(
|
|
class => 'My::Builder',
|
|
code => q{
|
|
sub ACTION_foo {
|
|
print "I'm fooing to death!\n";
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
my $build = $class->new
|
|
(
|
|
module_name => 'Foo::Bar', # All the regular args...
|
|
license => 'perl',
|
|
dist_author => 'A N Other <me@here.net.au>',
|
|
requires => { Carp => 0 }
|
|
);
|
|
$build->create_build_script;
|
|
|
|
Behind the scenes, this actually does create a C<.pm> file, since the
|
|
code you provide must persist after Build.PL is run if it is to be
|
|
very useful.
|
|
|
|
See also the documentation for the L<Module::Build::API/"subclass()">
|
|
method.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 PREREQUISITES
|
|
|
|
=head2 Types of prerequisites
|
|
|
|
To specify what versions of other modules are used by this
|
|
distribution, several types of prerequisites can be defined with the
|
|
following parameters:
|
|
|
|
=over 3
|
|
|
|
=item configure_requires
|
|
|
|
Items that must be installed I<before> configuring this distribution
|
|
(i.e. before running the F<Build.PL> script). This might be a
|
|
specific minimum version of C<Module::Build> or any other module the
|
|
F<Build.PL> needs in order to do its stuff. Clients like C<CPAN.pm>
|
|
or C<CPANPLUS> will be expected to pick C<configure_requires> out of the
|
|
F<META.yml> file and install these items before running the
|
|
C<Build.PL>.
|
|
|
|
If no configure_requires is specified, the current version of Module::Build
|
|
is automatically added to configure_requires.
|
|
|
|
=item build_requires
|
|
|
|
Items that are necessary for building and testing this distribution,
|
|
but aren't necessary after installation. This can help users who only
|
|
want to install these items temporarily. It also helps reduce the
|
|
size of the CPAN dependency graph if everything isn't smooshed into
|
|
C<requires>.
|
|
|
|
=item requires
|
|
|
|
Items that are necessary for basic functioning.
|
|
|
|
=item recommends
|
|
|
|
Items that are recommended for enhanced functionality, but there are
|
|
ways to use this distribution without having them installed. You
|
|
might also think of this as "can use" or "is aware of" or "changes
|
|
behavior in the presence of".
|
|
|
|
=item conflicts
|
|
|
|
Items that can cause problems with this distribution when installed.
|
|
This is pretty rare.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head2 Format of prerequisites
|
|
|
|
The prerequisites are given in a hash reference, where the keys are
|
|
the module names and the values are version specifiers:
|
|
|
|
requires => {
|
|
Foo::Module => '2.4',
|
|
Bar::Module => 0,
|
|
Ken::Module => '>= 1.2, != 1.5, < 2.0',
|
|
perl => '5.6.0'
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
The above four version specifiers have different effects. The value
|
|
C<'2.4'> means that B<at least> version 2.4 of C<Foo::Module> must be
|
|
installed. The value C<0> means that B<any> version of C<Bar::Module>
|
|
is acceptable, even if C<Bar::Module> doesn't define a version. The
|
|
more verbose value C<'E<gt>= 1.2, != 1.5, E<lt> 2.0'> means that
|
|
C<Ken::Module>'s version must be B<at least> 1.2, B<less than> 2.0,
|
|
and B<not equal to> 1.5. The list of criteria is separated by commas,
|
|
and all criteria must be satisfied.
|
|
|
|
A special C<perl> entry lets you specify the versions of the Perl
|
|
interpreter that are supported by your module. The same version
|
|
dependency-checking semantics are available, except that we also
|
|
understand perl's new double-dotted version numbers.
|
|
|
|
=head2 XS Extensions
|
|
|
|
Modules which need to compile XS code should list C<ExtUtils::CBuilder>
|
|
as a C<build_requires> element.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 SAVING CONFIGURATION INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
Module::Build provides a very convenient way to save configuration
|
|
information that your installed modules (or your regression tests) can
|
|
access. If your Build process calls the C<feature()> or
|
|
C<config_data()> methods, then a C<Foo::Bar::ConfigData> module will
|
|
automatically be created for you, where C<Foo::Bar> is the
|
|
C<module_name> parameter as passed to C<new()>. This module provides
|
|
access to the data saved by these methods, and a way to update the
|
|
values. There is also a utility script called C<config_data>
|
|
distributed with Module::Build that provides a command line interface
|
|
to this same functionality. See also the generated
|
|
C<Foo::Bar::ConfigData> documentation, and the C<config_data>
|
|
script's documentation, for more information.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 STARTING MODULE DEVELOPMENT
|
|
|
|
When starting development on a new module, it's rarely worth your time
|
|
to create a tree of all the files by hand. Some automatic
|
|
module-creators are available: the oldest is C<h2xs>, which has
|
|
shipped with perl itself for a long time. Its name reflects the fact
|
|
that modules were originally conceived of as a way to wrap up a C
|
|
library (thus the C<h> part) into perl extensions (thus the C<xs>
|
|
part).
|
|
|
|
These days, C<h2xs> has largely been superseded by modules like
|
|
C<ExtUtils::ModuleMaker>, and C<Module::Starter>. They have varying
|
|
degrees of support for C<Module::Build>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 AUTOMATION
|
|
|
|
One advantage of Module::Build is that since it's implemented as Perl
|
|
methods, you can invoke these methods directly if you want to install
|
|
a module non-interactively. For instance, the following Perl script
|
|
will invoke the entire build/install procedure:
|
|
|
|
my $build = Module::Build->new(module_name => 'MyModule');
|
|
$build->dispatch('build');
|
|
$build->dispatch('test');
|
|
$build->dispatch('install');
|
|
|
|
If any of these steps encounters an error, it will throw a fatal
|
|
exception.
|
|
|
|
You can also pass arguments as part of the build process:
|
|
|
|
my $build = Module::Build->new(module_name => 'MyModule');
|
|
$build->dispatch('build');
|
|
$build->dispatch('test', verbose => 1);
|
|
$build->dispatch('install', sitelib => '/my/secret/place/');
|
|
|
|
Building and installing modules in this way skips creating the
|
|
C<Build> script.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 MIGRATION
|
|
|
|
Note that if you want to provide both a F<Makefile.PL> and a
|
|
F<Build.PL> for your distribution, you probably want to add the
|
|
following to C<WriteMakefile> in your F<Makefile.PL> so that C<MakeMaker>
|
|
doesn't try to run your F<Build.PL> as a normal F<.PL> file:
|
|
|
|
PL_FILES => {},
|
|
|
|
You may also be interested in looking at the C<Module::Build::Compat>
|
|
module, which can automatically create various kinds of F<Makefile.PL>
|
|
compatibility layers.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 AUTHOR
|
|
|
|
Ken Williams <kwilliams@cpan.org>
|
|
|
|
Development questions, bug reports, and patches should be sent to the
|
|
Module-Build mailing list at <module-build@perl.org>.
|
|
|
|
Bug reports are also welcome at
|
|
<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Module-Build>.
|
|
|
|
The latest development version is available from the Subversion
|
|
repository at <https://svn.perl.org/modules/Module-Build/trunk/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
perl(1), L<Module::Build>(3), L<Module::Build::API>(3),
|
|
L<Module::Build::Cookbook>(3), L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>(3), L<YAML>(3)
|
|
|
|
F<META.yml> Specification:
|
|
L<http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-current.html>
|
|
|
|
L<http://www.dsmit.com/cons/>
|
|
|
|
L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/PerlBuildSystem/>
|
|
|
|
=cut
|