From: Robert Luberda Date: Sun, 6 Mar 2016 12:52:49 +0100 Subject: Update man pages Update 7z, 7za and 7zr man pages based on the usage output printed by the commands. Remove reference to -p{Password} option from the 7zr(1) page, as the command does not support it (LP: 558609) Mention in 7z(1) that the 7z command might be slower than 7za (closes: #636667). Replace "the highest compression ratio" with "high" or "very high" and make sure the phrase refers to the 7z format, not to the archive program itself (closes: #636179) Bug-Ubuntu: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/p7zip/+bug/558609 Bug-Debian: https://bugs.debian.org/636179 Bug-Debian: https://bugs.debian.org/636667 --- man1/7z.1 | 188 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------- man1/7za.1 | 185 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------- man1/7zr.1 | 192 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------- 3 files changed, 426 insertions(+), 139 deletions(-) diff --git a/man1/7z.1 b/man1/7z.1 index d2b7378..72e262b 100644 --- a/man1/7z.1 +++ b/man1/7z.1 @@ -1,97 +1,187 @@ -.TH 7z 1 "September 1 2006" "Mohammed Adnene Trojette" +.TH 7z 1 "March 6th, 2016" "7-Zip" .SH NAME -7z \- A file archiver with highest compression ratio +7z \- A file archiver with high compression ratio format .SH SYNOPSIS .B 7z -.BR [adeltux] -.BR [\-] -.BR [SWITCH] -.BR -.BR ... +.B +.RB [ "... ]" +.B +.RB [ "... ]" +.RB [ <@listfiles> "... ]" .PP .SH DESCRIPTION -7-Zip is a file archiver with the highest compression ratio. The program supports 7z (that implements LZMA compression algorithm), LZMA2, XZ, ZIP, Zip64, CAB, RAR (if the non-free p7zip-rar package is installed), ARJ, GZIP, BZIP2, TAR, CPIO, RPM, ISO, most filesystem images and DEB formats. Compression ratio in the new 7z format is 30-50% better than ratio in ZIP format. -.TP -7z uses plugins to handle archives. +7-Zip is a file archiver supporting 7z (that implements LZMA compression algorithm +featuring very high compression ratio), LZMA2, XZ, ZIP, Zip64, CAB, +RAR (if the non-free p7zip-rar package is installed), ARJ, GZIP, BZIP2, TAR, CPIO, RPM, ISO, +most filesystem images and DEB formats. +Compression ratio in the new 7z format is 30-50% better than ratio in ZIP format. .PP -.SH FUNCTION LETTERS +.B 7z +uses plugins to handle archives, so it might be slightly slower than +.BR 7za (1) +but can handle more archive formats. +.SH COMMANDS .TP .B a -Add +Add files to archive +.TP +.B b +Benchmark .TP .B d -Delete +Delete files from archive .TP .B e -Extract +Extract files from archive (without using directory names) +.TP +.B h +Calculate hash values for files +.TP +.B i +Show information about supported formats .TP .B l -List +List contents of archive +.TP +.B rn +Rename files in archive .TP .B t -Test +Test integrity of archive .TP .B u -Update +Update files to archive .TP .B x -eXtract with full paths +eXtract files with full paths .PP .SH SWITCHES .TP -.B \-ai[r[\-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} +.B \-\- +Stop switches parsing +.TP +.B \-ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} Include archives .TP -.B \-ax[r[\-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} -eXclude archives +.B \-ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} +Exclude archives +.TP +.B \-ao{a|s|t|u} +Set Overwrite mode +.TP +.B \-an +Disable archive_name field +.TP +.B -bb[0-3] +Set output log level .TP .B \-bd -Disable percentage indicator +Disable progress indicator +.TP +.B \-bs{o|e|p}{0|1|2} +Set output stream for output/error/progress line +.TP +.B \-bt +Show execution time statistics .TP .B \-i[r[\-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} Include filenames .TP -.B \-l -don't store symlinks; store the files/directories they point to (CAUTION : the scanning stage can never end because of recursive symlinks like 'ln \-s .. ldir') -.TP .B \-m{Parameters} -Set Compression Method (see /usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOC/MANUAL/cmdline/switches/method.htm for a list of methods) -.TP -.B \-mhe=on|off -7z format only : enables or disables archive header encryption (Default : off) +Set Compression Method (see /usr/share/doc/p7zip/DOC/MANUAL/cmdline/switches/method.htm from the p7zip-full package for a list of methods) .TP .B \-o{Directory} Set Output directory .TP .B \-p{Password} -Set Password +Set Password (NOTE: this flag does not work with 7z, .TP .B \-r[\-|0] Recurse subdirectories (CAUTION: this flag does not do what you think, avoid using it) .TP +.B \-sa{a|e|s} +Set archive name mode +.TP +.B \-scc{UTF\-8|WIN|DOS} +Set charset for for console input/output +.TP +.B \-scs{UTF\-8|UTF\-16LE|UTF\-16BE|WIN|DOS|{id}} +Set charset for list files +.TP +.B \-scrc[CRC32|CRC64|SHA1|SHA256|*] +Set hash function for x, e, h commands +.TP +.B \-sdel +Delete files after compression +.TP +.B \-seml[.] +Send archive by email +.TP .B \-sfx[{name}] Create SFX archive .TP -.B \-si -Read data from StdIn (eg: tar cf \- directory | 7z a \-si directory.tar.7z) +.B \-si[{name}] +Read data from stdin (e.g. tar cf \- directory | 7z a \-si directory.tar.7z) .TP -.B \-so -Write data to StdOut (eg: % echo foo | 7z a dummy \-tgzip \-si \-so > /dev/null) +.B \-slp +Set Large Pages mode .TP .B \-slt -Sets technical mode for l (list) command +Show technical information for l (List) command +.TP +.B \-snh +Store hard links as links +.TP +.B \-snl +Store symbolic links as links +.TP +.B \-sni +Store NT security information +.TP +.B \-sns[\-] +Store NTFS alternate streams +.TP +.B \-sfx[{name}] +Create SFX archive +.TP +.B \-so +Write data to stdout (e.g. 7z x \-so directory.tar.7z | tar xf \-) +.TP +.B \-spd +Disable wildcard matching for file names +.TP +.B \-spe +Eliminate duplication of root folder for extract command +.TP +.B \-spf +Use fully qualified file paths +.TP +.B \-ssc[\-] +Set sensitive case mode +.TP +.B \-ssw +Compress shared files +.TP +.B \-stl +Set archive timestamp from the most recently modified file +.TP +.B \-stm{HexMask} +Set CPU thread affinity mask (hexadecimal number) +.TP +.B \-stx{Type} +Exclude archive type .TP .B \-t{Type} -Type of archive (7z, zip, gzip, bzip2 or tar. 7z format is default) +Set type of archive +.TP +.B \-u[-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName] +Update options .TP .B \-v{Size}[b|k|m|g] Create volumes .TP -.B \-u[\-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName] -Update options -.TP .B \-w[path] -Set Working directory +Set working directory. Empty path means a temporary directory .TP .B \-x[r[\-|0]]]{@listfile|!wildcard} Exclude filenames @@ -105,7 +195,8 @@ Assume Yes on all queries .IP 0 Normal (no errors or warnings detected) .IP 1 -Warning (Non fatal error(s)). For example, some files cannot be read during compressing. So they were not compressed +Warning (Non fatal error(s)). For example, some files cannot be read during compressing, +so they were not compressed .IP 2 Fatal error .IP 7 @@ -120,13 +211,13 @@ DO NOT USE the 7-zip format for backup purpose on Linux/Unix because : .LP On Linux/Unix, in order to backup directories you must use tar : - \- to backup a directory : tar cf \- directory | 7za a \-si directory.tar.7z - \- to restore your backup : 7za x \-so directory.tar.7z | tar xf \- + \- to backup a directory : tar cf \- directory | 7z a \-si directory.tar.7z + \- to restore your backup : 7z x \-so directory.tar.7z | tar xf \- If you want to send files and directories (not the owner of file) to others Unix/MacOS/Windows users, you can use the 7-zip format. - example : 7za a directory.7z directory + example : 7z a directory.7z directory .LP Do not use "\-r" because this flag does not do what you think. @@ -165,10 +256,15 @@ add all files from directory "dir1" to SFX archive archive.exe (Remark : SFX arc 7z a \-mhe=on \-pmy_password archive.7z a_directory add all files from directory "a_directory" to the archive "archive.7z" (with data and header archive encryption on) .SH "SEE ALSO" -7za(1), 7zr(1), bzip2(1), gzip(1), zip(1) +.BR 7zr (1), +.BR 7za (1), +.BR p7zip (1), +.BR bzip2 (1), +.BR gzip (1), +.BR zip(1), .PP .SH "HTML Documentation" /usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOC/MANUAL/start.htm .SH AUTHOR .TP -Written for Debian by Mohammed Adnene Trojette. +Written for Debian by Mohammed Adnene Trojette. Updated by Robert Luberda. diff --git a/man1/7za.1 b/man1/7za.1 index ae5730b..218e245 100644 --- a/man1/7za.1 +++ b/man1/7za.1 @@ -1,99 +1,190 @@ -.TH 7za 1 "September 1 2006" "Mohammed Adnene Trojette" +.TH 7za 1 "March 6th, 2016" "7-Zip" .SH NAME -7za \- A file archiver with highest compression ratio +7za \- A file archiver with high compression ratio format .SH SYNOPSIS .B 7za -.BR [adeltux] -.BR [-] -.BR [SWITCH] -.BR -.BR ... +.B +.RB [ "... ]" +.B +.RB [ "... ]" +.RB [ <@listfiles> "... ]" .PP .SH DESCRIPTION -7-Zip is a file archiver with the highest compression ratio. The program supports 7z (that implements LZMA compression algorithm), LZMA2, XZ, ZIP, Zip64, CAB, RAR (if the non-free p7zip-rar package is installed), ARJ, GZIP, BZIP2, TAR, CPIO, RPM, ISO, most filesystem images and DEB formats. Compression ratio in the new 7z format is 30-50% better than ratio in ZIP format. -.TP -7za is a stand-alone executable. 7za handles fewer archive formats than 7z. +7-Zip is a file archiver supporting 7z (that implements LZMA compression algorithm +featuring very high compression ratio), LZMA2, XZ, ZIP, Zip64, CAB, +RAR (if the non-free p7zip-rar package is installed), ARJ, GZIP, BZIP2, TAR, CPIO, RPM, ISO, +most filesystem images and DEB formats. +Compression ratio in the new 7z format is 30-50% better than ratio in ZIP format. .PP -.SH FUNCTION LETTERS +.B 7za +is a stand-alone executable. +.B 7za +handles fewer archive formats than +.BR 7z (1). +.SH COMMANDS .TP .B a -Add +Add files to archive +.TP +.B b +Benchmark .TP .B d -Delete +Delete files from archive .TP .B e -Extract +Extract files from archive (without using directory names) +.TP +.B h +Calculate hash values for files +.TP +.B i +Show information about supported formats .TP .B l -List +List contents of archive +.TP +.B rn +Rename files in archive .TP .B t -Test +Test integrity of archive .TP .B u -Update +Update files to archive .TP .B x -eXtract with full paths +eXtract files with full paths .PP .SH SWITCHES .TP +.B \-\- +Stop switches parsing +.TP .B \-ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} Include archives .TP .B \-ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} -eXclude archives +Exclude archives +.TP +.B \-ao{a|s|t|u} +Set Overwrite mode +.TP +.B \-an +Disable archive_name field +.TP +.B -bb[0-3] +Set output log level .TP .B \-bd -Disable percentage indicator +Disable progress indicator .TP -.B \-i[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} -Include filenames +.B \-bs{o|e|p}{0|1|2} +Set output stream for output/error/progress line .TP -.B \-l -don't store symlinks; store the files/directories they point to (CAUTION : the scanning stage can never end because of recursive symlinks like 'ln \-s .. ldir') +.B \-bt +Show execution time statistics .TP -.B \-m{Parameters} -Set Compression Method (see /usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOC/MANUAL/cmdline/switches/method.htm for a list of methods) +.B \-i[r[\-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} +Include filenames .TP -.B \-mhe=on|off -7z format only : enables or disables archive header encryption (Default : off) +.B \-m{Parameters} +Set Compression Method (see /usr/share/doc/p7zip/DOC/MANUAL/cmdline/switches/method.htm from the p7zip-full package for a list of methods) .TP .B \-o{Directory} Set Output directory .TP .B \-p{Password} -Set Password +Set Password (NOTE: this flag does not work with 7za, .TP -.B \-r[-|0] +.B \-r[\-|0] Recurse subdirectories (CAUTION: this flag does not do what you think, avoid using it) .TP +.B \-sa{a|e|s} +Set archive name mode +.TP +.B \-scc{UTF\-8|WIN|DOS} +Set charset for for console input/output +.TP +.B \-scs{UTF\-8|UTF\-16LE|UTF\-16BE|WIN|DOS|{id}} +Set charset for list files +.TP +.B \-scrc[CRC32|CRC64|SHA1|SHA256|*] +Set hash function for x, e, h commands +.TP +.B \-sdel +Delete files after compression +.TP +.B \-seml[.] +Send archive by email +.TP .B \-sfx[{name}] Create SFX archive .TP -.B \-si -Read data from StdIn (eg: tar cf \- directory | 7za a \-si directory.tar.7z) +.B \-si[{name}] +Read data from stdin (e.g. tar cf \- directory | 7za a \-si directory.tar.7z) .TP -.B \-so -Write data to StdOut (eg: % echo foo | 7z a dummy \-tgzip \-si \-so > /dev/null) +.B \-slp +Set Large Pages mode .TP .B \-slt -Sets technical mode for l (list) command +Show technical information for l (List) command .TP -.B \-t{Type} -Type of archive (7z, zip, gzip, bzip2 or tar. 7z format is default) +.B \-snh +Store hard links as links .TP -.B \-v{Size}[b|k|m|g] -Create volumes +.B \-snl +Store symbolic links as links +.TP +.B \-sni +Store NT security information +.TP +.B \-sns[\-] +Store NTFS alternate streams +.TP +.B \-sfx[{name}] +Create SFX archive +.TP +.B \-so +Write data to stdout (e.g. 7za x \-so directory.tar.7z | tar xf \-) +.TP +.B \-spd +Disable wildcard matching for file names +.TP +.B \-spe +Eliminate duplication of root folder for extract command +.TP +.B \-spf +Use fully qualified file paths +.TP +.B \-ssc[\-] +Set sensitive case mode +.TP +.B \-ssw +Compress shared files +.TP +.B \-stl +Set archive timestamp from the most recently modified file +.TP +.B \-stm{HexMask} +Set CPU thread affinity mask (hexadecimal number) +.TP +.B \-stx{Type} +Exclude archive type +.TP +.B \-t{Type} +Set type of archive .TP .B \-u[-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName] Update options .TP +.B \-v{Size}[b|k|m|g] +Create volumes +.TP .B \-w[path] -Set Working directory +Set working directory. Empty path means a temporary directory .TP -.B \-x[r[-|0]]]{@listfile|!wildcard} +.B \-x[r[\-|0]]]{@listfile|!wildcard} Exclude filenames .TP .B \-y @@ -105,7 +196,8 @@ Assume Yes on all queries .IP 0 Normal (no errors or warnings detected) .IP 1 -Warning (Non fatal error(s)). For example, some files cannot be read during compressing. So they were not compressed +Warning (Non fatal error(s)). For example, some files cannot be read during compressing, +so they were not compressed .IP 2 Fatal error .IP 7 @@ -165,10 +257,15 @@ add all files from directory "dir1" to SFX archive archive.exe (Remark : SFX arc 7za a \-mhe=on \-pmy_password archive.7z a_directory add all files from directory "a_directory" to the archive "archive.7z" (with data and header archive encryption on) .SH "SEE ALSO" -7z(1), 7zr(1), bzip2(1), gzip(1), zip(1) +.BR 7zr (1), +.BR 7z (1), +.BR p7zip (1), +.BR bzip2 (1), +.BR gzip (1), +.BR zip(1), .PP .SH "HTML Documentation" /usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOC/MANUAL/start.htm .SH AUTHOR .TP -Written for Debian by Mohammed Adnene Trojette. +Written for Debian by Mohammed Adnene Trojette. Updated by Robert Luberda. diff --git a/man1/7zr.1 b/man1/7zr.1 index fb2dcfd..494efc9 100644 --- a/man1/7zr.1 +++ b/man1/7zr.1 @@ -1,99 +1,192 @@ -.TH 7zr 1 "September 1 2006" "Mohammed Adnene Trojette" +.TH 7zr 1 "March 6th, 2016" "7-Zip" .SH NAME -7zr \- A file archiver with highest compression ratio +7zr \- A file archiver with high compression ratio format .SH SYNOPSIS .B 7zr -.BR [adeltux] -.BR [-] -.BR [SWITCH] -.BR -.BR ... +.B +.RB [ "... ]" +.B +.RB [ "... ]" +.RB [ <@listfiles> "... ]" .PP .SH DESCRIPTION -7-Zip is a file archiver with the highest compression ratio. The program supports 7z (that implements LZMA compression algorithm), LZMA2, XZ, ZIP, Zip64, CAB, RAR (if the non-free p7zip-rar package is installed), ARJ, GZIP, BZIP2, TAR, CPIO, RPM, ISO, most filesystem images and DEB formats. Compression ratio in the new 7z format is 30-50% better than ratio in ZIP format. -.TP -7zr is a stand-alone executable. 7zr handles fewer archive formats than 7z. 7zr is a "light-version" of 7za that only handles 7z archives. +7-Zip is a file archiver supporting 7z (that implements LZMA compression algorithm +featuring very high compression ratio), LZMA2, XZ, ZIP, Zip64, CAB, +RAR (if the non-free p7zip-rar package is installed), ARJ, GZIP, BZIP2, TAR, CPIO, RPM, ISO, +most filesystem images and DEB formats. +Compression ratio in the new 7z format is 30-50% better than ratio in ZIP format. .PP -.SH FUNCTION LETTERS +.B 7zr +is a stand-alone executable. +.B 7zr +is a "light-version" of +.BR 7za (1). +.B 7zr +handles password-less archives in the 7z, LZMA2, and XZ formats only. +.SH COMMANDS .TP .B a -Add +Add files to archive +.TP +.B b +Benchmark .TP .B d -Delete +Delete files from archive .TP .B e -Extract +Extract files from archive (without using directory names) +.TP +.B h +Calculate hash values for files +.TP +.B i +Show information about supported formats .TP .B l -List +List contents of archive +.TP +.B rn +Rename files in archive .TP .B t -Test +Test integrity of archive .TP .B u -Update +Update files to archive .TP .B x -eXtract with full paths +eXtract files with full paths .PP .SH SWITCHES .TP +.B \-\- +Stop switches parsing +.TP .B \-ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} Include archives .TP .B \-ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} -eXclude archives +Exclude archives +.TP +.B \-ao{a|s|t|u} +Set Overwrite mode +.TP +.B \-an +Disable archive_name field +.TP +.B -bb[0-3] +Set output log level .TP .B \-bd -Disable percentage indicator +Disable progress indicator .TP -.B \-i[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} -Include filenames +.B \-bs{o|e|p}{0|1|2} +Set output stream for output/error/progress line +.TP +.B \-bt +Show execution time statistics .TP -.B \-l -don't store symlinks; store the files/directories they point to (CAUTION : the scanning stage can never end because of recursive symlinks like 'ln \-s .. ldir') +.B \-i[r[\-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} +Include filenames .TP .B \-m{Parameters} Set Compression Method (see /usr/share/doc/p7zip/DOC/MANUAL/cmdline/switches/method.htm from the p7zip-full package for a list of methods) .TP -.B \-mhe=on|off -7z format only : enables or disables archive header encryption (Default : off) -.TP .B \-o{Directory} Set Output directory .TP -.B \-p{Password} -Set Password -.TP -.B \-r[-|0] +.B \-r[\-|0] Recurse subdirectories (CAUTION: this flag does not do what you think, avoid using it) .TP +.B \-sa{a|e|s} +Set archive name mode +.TP +.B \-scc{UTF\-8|WIN|DOS} +Set charset for for console input/output +.TP +.B \-scs{UTF\-8|UTF\-16LE|UTF\-16BE|WIN|DOS|{id}} +Set charset for list files +.TP +.B \-scrc[CRC32|CRC64|SHA1|SHA256|*] +Set hash function for x, e, h commands +.TP +.B \-sdel +Delete files after compression +.TP +.B \-seml[.] +Send archive by email +.TP .B \-sfx[{name}] Create SFX archive .TP -.B \-si -Read data from StdIn (eg: tar cf \- directory | 7zr a \-si directory.tar.7z) +.B \-si[{name}] +Read data from stdin (e.g. tar cf \- directory | 7zr a \-si directory.tar.7z) .TP -.B \-so -Write data to StdOut (eg: 7zr x \-so directory.tar.7z | tar xf \-) +.B \-slp +Set Large Pages mode .TP .B \-slt -Sets technical mode for l (list) command +Show technical information for l (List) command .TP -.B \-v{Size}[b|k|m|g] -Create volumes +.B \-snh +Store hard links as links +.TP +.B \-snl +Store symbolic links as links +.TP +.B \-sni +Store NT security information +.TP +.B \-sns[\-] +Store NTFS alternate streams +.TP +.B \-sfx[{name}] +Create SFX archive +.TP +.B \-so +Write data to stdout (e.g. 7zr x \-so directory.tar.7z | tar xf \-) +.TP +.B \-spd +Disable wildcard matching for file names +.TP +.B \-spe +Eliminate duplication of root folder for extract command +.TP +.B \-spf +Use fully qualified file paths +.TP +.B \-ssc[\-] +Set sensitive case mode +.TP +.B \-ssw +Compress shared files +.TP +.B \-stl +Set archive timestamp from the most recently modified file +.TP +.B \-stm{HexMask} +Set CPU thread affinity mask (hexadecimal number) +.TP +.B \-stx{Type} +Exclude archive type +.TP +.B \-t{Type} +Set type of archive .TP .B \-u[-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName] Update options .TP +.B \-v{Size}[b|k|m|g] +Create volumes +.TP .B \-w[path] -Set Working directory +Set working directory. Empty path means a temporary directory .TP -.B \-x[r[-|0]]]{@listfile|!wildcard} +.B \-x[r[\-|0]]]{@listfile|!wildcard} Exclude filenames .TP -.B \-y +.B \-y Assume Yes on all queries .PP .SH DIAGNOSTICS @@ -102,7 +195,8 @@ Assume Yes on all queries .IP 0 Normal (no errors or warnings detected) .IP 1 -Warning (Non fatal error(s)). For example, some files cannot be read during compressing. So they were not compressed +Warning (Non fatal error(s)). For example, some files cannot be read during compressing, +so they were not compressed .IP 2 Fatal error .IP 7 @@ -156,16 +250,16 @@ solid archive = on .B 7zr a \-sfx archive.exe dir1 add all files from directory "dir1" to SFX archive archive.exe (Remark : SFX archive MUST end with ".exe") -.SH EXAMPLE 3 -.TP -.B -7zr a \-mhe=on \-pmy_password archive.7z a_directory -add all files from directory "a_directory" to the archive "archive.7z" (with data and header archive encryption on) .SH "SEE ALSO" -7z(1), 7za(1), bzip2(1), gzip(1), zip(1) +.BR 7za (1), +.BR 7z (1), +.BR p7zip (1), +.BR bzip2 (1), +.BR gzip (1), +.BR zip(1), .PP .SH "HTML Documentation" /usr/share/doc/p7zip/DOC/MANUAL/start.htm (avabilable when the p7zip-full package is installed) .SH AUTHOR .TP -Written for Debian by Mohammed Adnene Trojette. +Written for Debian by Mohammed Adnene Trojette. Updated by Robert Luberda.